Identity graph

An identity graph is essentially a data structure that assembles all known identifiers of a user into a single, evolving profile. This profile helps organizations recognize returning users, personalize experiences, and detect suspicious behavior, even when users switch devices or browsers.

In cybersecurity, identity graphs are critical for detecting fraud, preventing account takeovers, and flagging coordinated attacks. They allow systems to spot unusual activity—like multiple accounts sharing the same device or payment method—by analyzing the relationships between entities. Graphs also enhance risk scoring by revealing indirect connections between fraudsters and legitimate users.

The biggest challenges are data fragmentation, privacy compliance, and maintaining real-time accuracy. Many organizations struggle to unify identity data from disparate systems, leading to incomplete or outdated graphs. Additionally, identity graphs must comply with data protection laws like GDPR and CCPA, which restrict how personal data can be used and stored.